Rabe-Raben Mata - Classification of Matter

Rabe-Raben Mata (Classification of Matter)

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A darasi na 8: Mata (Matter), mun fahimci yanayoyin mata guda uku. A wannan darasin kuma za mu duba yadda aka karkasa mata zuwa ajujuwa wato rukunai biyu; tsagwaro (pure substances) wanda shi ma ya sake kasuwa zuwa ƙuru (element) da kuma kwaɗo (compound); sai kuma gauraye (mixtures) wanda suma suka sake karkasuwa zuwa homojinos (homogeneous) da kuma hetarajinos (heterogeneous).

Buɗe Wannan Bidiyo Domin Gani da Ido

Tsagwaro (Pure Substances)

Tsagwaro (pure substances), ita ce dukkanin wata mata da sassanta (specimens/sample) suka samu daga dawwamammen (constant) gaurayen sinadarai (chemical composition) da kuma siffofin zahiri (physical properties) nau’i guda. Abin nufi shi ne cewa dukkan matar da ta zama gaurayen sinadaranta (chemical composition) dawwamamme ne baya canjawa sannan kuma siffofinta na zahiri (physical properties) nau’i guda ne, to ta zama tsagwaro (pure substance). Misali, dukkan sukari (sucrose; table sugar) da za mu iya gwadawa (kaɗan ko da yawa), to gaurayen sinadaransa (chemical composition) za su kasance kashi 42.1% kabon (carbon), kashi 6.5% haidurojin (hydrogen), sai kuma kashi 51.4% iskar oksijin (oxygen). Sannan kuma zai mallaki siffon zahiri (physical properties) nau’i guda da suka haɗa da matakin narkewa (melting point), launi (color), zaƙi (sweetness), da sauransu. Tsagwaro (pure substance) ta rabu zuwa gida biyu; ƙuruwa da kuma kwaɗo.

Ƙuruwa (element)
Ƙuruwa (element), ita ce dukkan tsagwaron matar (pure substance) da ba za ta ragargazu (broken down) zuwa ƙananan sassa (simpler substance) cikin sauƙi ba ta hanyar amfani da sauyin sinadari (chemical change). Suna da yawan da ya haura 100. Daga cikin su akwai ƙarfe (iron), azurfa (silver), tagulla (copper), zinariya (gold), gorar-ruwa (aluminum), salfa (sulfur), da kuma iskar oksijin (oxygen).

Ƙuruwoyi ashirin na farko (first 20 elements)
Rubutawa, Miranda (2018).

Hydrogen H
Helium He
Lithium Li
Beryllium Be
Boron B
Carbon C
Nitrogen N
Oxygen O
Fluorine F
Neon Ne
Sodium Na
Magnesium Mg
Aluminium Al
Silicon Si
Phosporus P
Sulfur S
Chlorine Cl
Argon Ar
Potassium K
Calcium Ca

Kwaɗo (Compounds): Ita ce matar da ta samu daga gaurayen (combination) mabambantan (different) ƙuruwoyi (elements) biyu ko fiye da haka bisa wani ƙayayyadadden adadi (fixed ratio) sannan kuma za a iya raba su cikin sauƙi (can be separated easily) ta hanyar amfani da sinadarai (chemical separation). Wato ita kwaɗo; compound, tana samuwa ne sakamakon gauraya ƙuruwa-ƙuruwa mabambanta guda biyu ko sama da haka a waje guda. Sinadarai irin su soda (sodium chloride), farar wuta (iron sulfide), kalsiyom-kabonet (calcium carbonate) da ruwa (water) dukka kwaɗo ne.

Gauraye (Mixture)

Gauraye (Mixture)
Mixture, is a combination of two or more substances, where these substances are not bonded (or joined) to each other and no chemical reaction occurs between the substances, (Siyavula, 2020). Abin nufi, gauraye ita ce cakuɗa abubuwa (substances) biyu ko fiye yayin da abubuwan (substances) basu sarƙafu da juna ba sannan kuma babu wata cuɗanyar sinadarai da ta wakana a tsakaninsu. Irin wannan kuma suna bayyana ne a matsayin ruwa (solution), gasara (suspension) ko kuma ruwan kurola (colloids). Kwaɗo ta rabu zuwa: Haɗin Gambiza (Heterogeneous) da kuma Asin-da-Asin (Homogenous).

Haɗin Gambiza (Heterogeneous): Ita ce dukkan kwaɗon da aka haɗa ta hanyar gauraya mabambantan sinadarai biyu ko fiye da haka, waɗanda za a iya ganin ɗaiɗaikun kayan haɗin da ke ciki ƙuru-ƙuru da idanuwa. Gaurayen ruwa da ƙasa kyakkyawan misali ne na gamin-gambiza.

Asin-da-Asin (Homogenous): Ita ce dukkan kwaɗon da aka samar ta hanyar gauraya sinadari biyu ko fiye makusantan juna ta fuskancin siffa ko ɗabi'a waɗanda ba za a iya ganin ɗaiɗaikun kayan haɗin da ke ciki ƙuru-ƙuru da idanuwa ba. Gaurayen ruwa da suga misali ne na Asin-da-Asin.

Manazarta:

Halpern J. (2020). Classification of Matter. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves

Lumen (2020). Classification of Matter. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/classification-of-matter/

Miranda B. (2018). First 20 Elements and Their Symbols. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/first-20-elements-and-their-symbols/deck/5386127

Open Stax (2020). Phases and Classification of Matter. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/1-2-phasesclassification-of-matter

Siyavula (2020). Mixtures. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://www.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-10/classification-of-matter/02-classification-of-matter-02

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